Improvement in steam-generators



i, iciml tant @anni @ttbm FRANK M. HORNING, OF EAST PIKE, NEW 'YORIQ A 13mm Pam: No. 83,1612, ma acabar 2o, 186e.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-GENERATORS.

The Schedule referred to n these Letters Patent and naklng part of the same.

To all whom it may concern Be itvknown that I, FRANK M. HORNLNG, of East Pike, in the county of Wyoming, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Method of Generating Steam; and I do hereby declare that the following` isa full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and luse tlie same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this speciiication.

The' object of this invention is to utilize all (or nearly all) the heat produced from fuel in the generation of steam; and it consists in the devices for forcingv the gaseous products of combustion (separate from the ashes) into and throughthe water in the boiler, thereby greatly economizing fuel, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the fireboxand boilers or generators, showing the method of introducing the fuel into the lire-box, and of forcing the products of combustion (the heated gases, 8nd,) into'the generators.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section, through the line a: x of the fire-box, showing the air-passages and the lire-grate.

Figure 3 is a detached view of one of the cocks in the pipes which lead to the generators, it being a section through the line y y.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding arts. p A is the fire-box, which is contained in the globular air-vessel or chamber B, and surrounded by an air-space, C.

D and E represent the steam-generators.

The lire-chamber is connected with the steam-generators by a pipe, V', and branch-pipes G G.

G is the feed-water pipe for the generators, 'and the heated gases and products of combustion pass through it longitudinally, so that the water occupies the annular space around the hot-air pipe V.

This method of generating steam is based upon the idea of overcoming the pressure of steam in the boiler by a counteracting-pressure of air in the tire-chamber, and the great obstacle has hitherto been to successfully introduce the fuel into the tire-box against the steam-pr/essure.

To accomplish this object, l attach to theair-chamber a fuel-port, J, with swinging valves iiat each end.

The outer valve i opens inward, and theotherpl', opens outward from the port.

K represent-s the coal-vessel.

L is a pipe which connects the port J with the open atmosphere when the vcock m is open.

N is'a pipe which connects the port with the airchamber B, when the cock O is open. u

P represents a chain, which is revolved on pulleys g q, within the port J, bythe crank lr on the shaft of the pulley q.' Y

' When the cock m is open, andthe cock O closed, the pressure in the port J would be only equal to that of the atmosphere.

In this condition the coal-vessel K is illed and shoved under the valve i, which readily gives Way to pressure from the outside into the port, as seen in the drawing, where it is attached to the chain P by a projecting lug or pin, S.

The cock m, is now closed, and the cock O opened, when an equilibrium of pressure is immediately produced between the port and the air-chamber and lirebox.

Now, by turning the crank fr, the chain P will revolve and carry along the coal-vessel K to the end of the port.

This vessel has a drop-bottom, which falls when the vessel projects from the port, (as seen in red 1ines,) and delivers the coal (or its contents) directly on to or over the {irc-grate.

The chain is now revolved in an opposite direction, which withdraws the vessel.

The cock O is closed, and the cock m is opened.

The valve 'i' is immediately closed by the pressure in the fire-box, and the port is again in communication with the atmosphere, as the compressed air has passed oi' through the pipe L.

- T is the air-pipe, which is connected with a force.

pump, by which the chamber B is filled with compressed air, at a pressure suiciently great to counteract the pressure of the steam in the boilers.

The air which enters through the pipe T is not a1- lowed to enter the nre-box A until it becomes heated by passing around and through the scroll-sheets u, as indicated by the arrows in the cross-section, g. 2.

After being thus heated, it passes into the combustion-chamber above the fuel, as indicated by the.

arrow.

'V is the pipe through which they heated gases are forced into the generators D E.

This pipe descends, from near the bottom of thegrate w, down into the water-pipe F, and branches upward through the pipes G G into the generators, as seen in the drawing, being surrounded by water in the annular space around it, as before stated..

x represents curved plates, which are attached to the bottoms of the generators, for the purpose of deleeting the current of heated air or gases, as they enter and give the Water a whirling motion, and thereby more thoroughly distribute the heat through' the water.

The ash from the fuel will not follow, to any great extent, the course of the heated gases, but will fall by its own gravity, and be deposited at the bottom of the fire-box.

Thisis an Aimportant feature of my invention, and

in this respect it'diers, I believe, from all previous efforts to force the products of 'combustion through the water.

Over the top end of the hot-air pipe V there is a cap, 1, which is intended to prevent the ash from dropping into that pipe om the grate.

Immediately below the cap, there are orifices, 2, for the admission vof the compressed air and gases.

z z represent blow-oil cocks at the bottom of the generators.

y y represent the steam-space in the generators, and the steam is discharged from the pipe c.

Instead of a metallic pipe, V, for receiving and conducting the heated products of combustion from the re int-o the water-pipe E, there may be a nre-brick or fire-clay channel provided for that purpose, as the feed-water pump would not be in constant operation, and consequently the hot-air pipe would not be at all times protected by the water.

By this construction and operation, avery large percentage of the heat produced from the fuel can be utilized inI the generation of steam. i

The formation of scale on the inner surface of the boilers or generators, so far from being detrimental, (as in the ordinary steam-boiled) is a benefit, as it prevents the radiation of heat from the generator.

I do not confine myself to the globular form for either the air-chamber o r the boiler or generator, a1- thou'gh I consider that form best calculated `to with-l stand pressure, and consequently the safest to use.

My method of using and applying the heat is adapted to other forms with similar results, if not with equal advantage and security.

I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The scroll-sheets u, in combination with the ire box A and vair-vessel B, whereby the air from the latter is heated before being discharged into the fire-box, substantially as herein shown and described.

2. The port J, constructed as described, and containing the fuel-box K, in. combination with the pipes L N, lire-box A, and air-vessel B, operating substantially as described, to supply fuel to the fire-box.

3. The hot-air pipe V, having the cap l and perforations 2, arranged with relation to the furnace A and pipe F, whereby to separate the ashes from the heated gases, so that the former will not be forced into the generator, substantially as herein shown and described.

`4. The arrangement of the hot-air pipe V within the Water-supply pipes, whereby the formeris protected by an annular sheet of water, substantially as herein shown and described.

5. The spiral blades z, arranged as described, Within the generators D E, whereby the heated gases are deflected as they enter the generator, substantially as herein set forth and shown.v

FRANK M. HORNING.

Witnesses:

J. W. Goor, H. E. POND. 

